Culture
Vocabulary
acculturation
- the process that occurs when contact between two cultures results in
substantial change in the culture of the individual members of one or both
groups.
beliefs
- ideas or theories about the natural or supernatural world that are not
supported by objective or factual evidence.
civilization
- an urbanized society with a large very complex social
organization; common attributes of civilizations include:
specialized division of labor; long-distance trade; tribute and taxation;
advances in record keeping, science, and mathematics, some form of written
script, and monumental public architecture.
clan -
a kinship group based on descent through either males or females. Clan members frequently live and work
together and believe they are descended from a common ancestor.
cultural
geography - the study of people and their ways of life (also known as human
geography).
cultural
landscape - the forms and artifacts sequentially placed on the physical
landscape by the activities of various human occupants.
cultural
region - an area of land where most people have enough in common to be considered
a group.
cultural
trait - a single element of normal practice in a culture -- such as the
wearing of a turban.
culture -
the total way of life of a group of people, including their beliefs, institutions,
and technology.
culture
hearth - a place in which important ideas begin and thereafter spread to
surrounding cultures; heartland; source area.
custom -
a practice from the past that people continue to observe.
descendants
- people who share a common ancestry.
dialect
- a local variation of a language.
diffusion
- the process of accepting, borrowing, and exchanging traits from one society
to another; the spatial spreading or dissemination of a culture element.
diversity
- wide variation in features
enculturation
- the slow and day-to-day process of learning your group's culture as an infant
and a child
ethnic
group - a group of people who share a language, history, or place of origin;
a large group of people who have more in common with each other than they do
with other peoples.
ethnocentrism
- regarding one's own culture as being superior to others and judging other
cultures from the perspective of your own culture.
extended
family - a household that includes not only parents and children but also
other relatives, such as grandparents, uncles, and aunts, and cousins.
folkways
- traditional social customs.
gender
roles - the pattern of behavior expected of males and females in a society.
laws
- standardized and formalized norms that regulate human conduct.
material
culture - the "object" part of culture; all things that people
make or build with natural or human-made resources; it includes food, clothing,
architecture, arts, crafts, technology, etc.
monotheism
- belief in one god.
mores
- social norms that provide the moral standards of a group or society and that
are strictly enforced.
non-material
culture - the "idea" part of culture which includes religion, language,
spiritual beliefs, superstitutions, values, ways of viewing or behaving in the
world.
norm -
a rule or standard that defines what people should or should not do, think, or
feel in any given social situation.
polygamy
- the marriage of a person to more than one wife or husband.
polytheism
- belief in many gods.
race
- within a single species, a group of living creatures sharing the same appearance
or genetic characteristics. The concept
of race among humans is more complicated and includes social and cultural as
well as biological assessment.
religion
- beliefs and practices regarding supernatural beings, power, and forces.
socialization
- the process by which the accepted values, rules and ways of operating
a society are passed on to the young.
subculture
- the attitudes, beliefs, values, and behavioral habits shared by a group of
people within a society which differ from those of the society as a whole.
technology
- the methods, tools, and machinery that humans have developed.
value
- an idea about what is good, right, wise, or beneficial.
MATCH THE FOLLOWING
WORDS WITH THEIR DEFINITIONS
WORD |
|
DEFINITION |
1. CUSTOM |
a)
when many different types of
things or people are included in something |
|
2. NORM |
b)
a way of behaving or a
belief which has been established for a long time |
|
3. RACE |
c)
an accepted standard or a
way of behaving or doing things that most people agree with |
|
4. DIVERSITY |
d)
a group, especially of
people, with particular similar physical characteristics, who are considered
as belonging to the same type, or the fact of belonging to such a group |
|
5. VALUES |
e)
the belief in
and worship of a god or gods, or any such system of belief and worship |
|
6. RELIGION |
f)
the beliefs people have
about what is right and wrong and what is most important in life, which
control their behaviour |
This is a list of vocabulary items related to culture
Culture:
Culture can be defined as all the ways of life including arts, beliefs and
institutions of a population that are passed down from
generation to generation. Culture has been called "the way of life for an
entire society." As such, it includes codes
of manners, dress, language, religion, rituals, games, norms of behaviour such
as law and morality, and systems of belief as well as the art.
Cultured:
Showing
good taste or manners
Belief:
1. The mental act, condition, or habit of placing trust or confidence in
another:
" My belief in you is as strong as ever."
2. Mental
acceptance of and conviction in the truth, actuality, or validity of something:
" His explanation of what happened defies belief."
3. Something
believed or accepted as true, especially a particular tenet or a body of tenets
accepted by a group of persons.
Ethics:
A system
of accepted beliefs which control behaviour, especially such a system based on
morals.
Values:
Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional
investment (either for or against something).
"He has very conservatives values"
Civilisation:
The
social process whereby societies achieve
an advanced stage of development and organization
Cultural specificities:
It's
interesting to learn about cultural specificities of other countries
Culturally acceptable:
It isn't
culturally acceptable in some countries to blow your nose in public places.
Cultural conflicts:
We should
try hard to avoid cultural conflicts as they are a result of a
misunderstanding.
Cultural sterotypes:
A fixed
idea that people have about what someone or something is like, especially an
idea that is wrong.
Cultural stereotypes make our understanding of other cultures difficult.
Cultural diversity:
The fact or quality of cultures of being diverse or different.
Cultural diversity should be considered as a source of enrichment rather a
source of conflicts.
Cultural uniqueness:
Culture/customs which make a country distinctive/different from other
countries.
Cultural misconceptions:
Mistaken thoughts, idea, or notion; misunderstandings about a cultrure. These are false ideas about a culture resulting from
misunderstanding rather than from reality.
Cultural shock:
A
condition of confusion and anxiety affecting a person suddenly exposed to an
alien culture or milieu.
"The first time she went to
Racial behaviour:
A
behaviour resulting from a belief that race accounts for differences in human
character or ability and that a particular race is superiour
to others (racisim or racialism.)
" We may limit the danger of racial behaviour if there is mutual
understanding of differenrt cultures."
Local culture:
Local culture refer to the culture developed at the local level.
Global culture:
Global culture refer to the culture developed at the global level through
the new information
technologies.
Global village:
The
entire world and its inhabitants.The world thought of
as being closely connected by modern communication and trade and thus
eliminating borders.
"The global village has come to understand that no society that seeks
respect can support or tolerate . . . savagery" Hugh Sidey.
Globalization:
Globalisation in its literal sense is the process of transformation of local phenomena
into global ones. It can be described as a process
by which the people of the world are unified into a single society and function
together. This process is a combination of economic, technological, sociocultural and political forces.Globalization
is often used to refer to economic globalization, that is, integration of
national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct
investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology.
Stereotype:
A generalized perception of first impressions. Stereotypes, therefore, can instigate
prejudice and false assumptions about entire groups of people, including the
members of different ethnic groups, social classes, religious orders, the
opposite sex, etc. A stereotypecan be a conventional and
oversimplified conception, opinion, or image, based on the assumption that
there are attributes that members of the "other group" have in common.